Advanced Technologies INC

If you have any questions about the testing process, please feel free to contact a confidential case counselor at 09360036111 (24 hours). We understand the sensitivities involved in this type of testing and will work with you to find the testing process that's right for you. As always, everything is strictly confidential.

Fetal Cell Prenatal Tests

  Our fetal cell prenatal tests use the fetal cells found in the mother's blood to test for its paternity.

Fetal Cell Tests: How They Work

  Our fetal cell prenatal paternity tests use both fetal cells and fetal DNA isolation from maternal blood. During pregnancy, a variety of cell types of fetal origin, as well as fetal DNA, cross the placenta and circulate within maternal peripheral blood. This fetal material is a source of information about the genetic makeup of the developing fetus. Fetal genetic material can be detected in maternal blood early in gestation.

  The rarity of fetal nucleated cells in maternal blood has made their isolation particularly challenging. To obtain quantities sufficient for analysis, the use of enrichment techniques is required. The investigators begin with a 30 ml maternal venous blood sample.An initial enrichment step facilitates removal of many maternal non-nucleated cells through density gradient centrifugation. Subsequent "purification" of fetal cells is performed by:

• Efficient magnetic cell separation technology.
• Cultivation of fetal progenitor cells.

  The detection of fetal cells in maternal plasma is much simpler and more robust than the detection of fetal nucleated cells in maternal blood, and does not require prior enrichment. In fact, the concentration of fetal DNA in maternal plasma expressed as a percentage of total DNA has been measured from 0.39% (the lowest concentration measured in early pregnancy), to as high as 11.4% (in late pregnancy).

  This approach has been shown to have application in the prenatal diagnosis of fetal rhesus D status, sex-linked disorders, fetal sex determination, and paternally inherited genotyping. In addition to maternal plasma, fetal DNA can also be detected in maternal urine; however, the sensitivity of detection is lower.

Fetal Cell/DNA Prenatal Paternity Test:

  No risky procedures; no amniocentesis; no CVS. A Noninvasive Prenatal Paternity Test Sampling Only the Mother's Blood and samples from the alleged father(s) - to determine the paternity of the child as early as 13 weeks into the pregnancy. No blood is taken from the alleged father(s).

  Unlike an amniocentesis or CVS which could cause problems in the pregnancy and/or fetal injuries, induce labor, or terminate the pregnancy, this test is noninvasive. You do not need to have an amniocentesis or CVS to do this test. This test is both cost effective and safe, and is a doctor-recommended alternative to an amniocentesis or CVS. The collection of all specimens for this test is safe and noninvasive for both the mother and unborn fetus, and you do not need a doctor to collect the sample specimen.

How It Works:

  This test uses both fetal cells and fetal DNA isolation from maternal blood. During pregnancy, a variety of cell types of fetal origin, as well as fetal DNA, cross the placenta and circulate within maternal peripheral blood. This fetal material is a source of information about the gender and genetic makeup of the developing fetus. Fetal genetic material can be detected in maternal blood early in the pregnancy.

Prenatal Paternity Test Comparison

  Not sure which prenatal paternity test is right for you? It compares this test with an amniocentesis or CVS.

Test Details

Sample		From mother: blood (first-time mothers: fetus must be 14.5 weeks from conception; 13.5 weeks if mother has been pregnant before)
		From alleged father(s) (your choice):
		buccal swab samples or hair samples (8-10 strands w/root attached) or Forensic samples for discreet testing (e.g., toothbrush, chewing gum, cigarette butt, etc.) No blood is taken from the alleged father(s)
Panel Size		6-10 alleles depending on fetal cell population
Accuracy		99% to 99.9% for inclusions, 100% for exclusions
Results		Approximately 25 business days

Ordering and Testing Process

Follow the three easy steps below to complete your Fetal Cell Prenatal Paternity Test.

• Call 09360036111 to speak with a confidential case counselor.
• Your counselor will advice on the collection of the mother's blood sample at a local hospital.
• We will send you the kit on receipt of the payment.

Get your results in approximately 25 business days. Results can be sent to you via phone, fax, or email.

What is it?

Amniocentesis:

  It is usually very safe. Usually the risk of having an abnormal baby is greater than the risk of the procedure in high-risk pregnancies. However, there is a slight chance (about 1 in 200) that this procedure may cause a miscarriage or early labor (premature). There is also a slight risk of excessive bleeding (hemorrhage), infection of the amniotic fluid (amnionitis), or leakage of amniotic fluid. Rarely, your baby may be injured by the needle during the procedure. Every attempt is made to place the needle in a safe location. Your baby usually floats away from the needle tip.

  Amniocentesis has a very small risk of causing bleeding that could lead to mixing your blood and your baby's. Therefore, if you have Rh-negative blood, you will be given the Rh immune globulin vaccine (such as RhoGAM) to prevent Rh sensitization which could harm your baby if he or she has Rh-positive blood).

Chorionic villus sampling (CVS):

  It can cause cramping, leakage of amniotic fluid, and vaginal spotting, which are usually minor. However, the cramping, leakage, or bleeding should taper off and end within a day or two. You may feel some soreness where the needle was inserted if you had the transabdominal procedure done.

CVS also slightly increases the risk of:

• Developing a uterine infection.
• Having a miscarriage. The risk of miscarriage is higher for transvaginal CVS (about 1 in 100) than for abdominal CVS or amniocentesis (about 1 in 200).
• Having a baby with arm or leg abnormalities though this risk is very low.

Chorionic villus sampling has a very small risk of causing bleeding that could result in mixing your blood and your baby's. Therefore, if you have Rh-negative blood, you will be given the Rh immune globulin vaccine (such as RhoGAM) to prevent Rh sensitization which could harm your baby if he or she has Rh-positive blood.

Non-Invasive v. Invasive Prenatal Paternity Testing: A Comparison

	Non-Invasive Prenatal Paternity Test	Invasive Prenatal Paternity Test
Sample	Fetal Cell/ DNA Prenatal Paternity Test From mother: blood sample. From alleged father(s): swab, hair or forensic samples (no blood sample necessary).	Amniocentesis: collecting the amniotic fluid that surrounds the fetus. Guided by ultrasound, an OB-GYN or perinatoligist uses a long needle through the abdomen to collect fluid. CVS: collecting the chorionic villi that make up the placenta. Guided by ultrasound, an OB-GYN or perinatoligist uses a catheter through the vagina or a long, hollow needle through the abdomen (depending on the position of the fetus) to collect cells.
Time for testing	Must be at least 13 weeks pregnant	Amniocentesis: between 16th and 22nd week of pregnancy. CVS: Must be at least 10 weeks pregnant
Tested parties	Mother and alleged father(s)	Mother and alleged father(s)
Accuracy	99+% for inclusions (the alleged father is the biological father of the fetus) and 100% for exclusions (the alleged father is not the biological father of the fetus).	99.99% for inclusions (the alleged father is the biological father of the fetus) and 100% for exclusions (the alleged father is not the biological father of the fetus).
Results	25 business days	15 business days
Health risk associated with procedure	There are no health risks for the mother or the fetus.	Studies have indicated that the chances for fetal loss are increased by 0.5% for amniocentesis and 1% for chorionic villus sampling compared to the normal pregnancy without the procedures.
Confidentiality	Because no doctor involvement is necessary in the testing process, we can guarantee absolute and total confidentiality.	Because doctors are heavily involved in the testing process and medical records are created and kept, confidentiality cannot be guaranteed.

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